Gene model and genome resources
Gene model resources
Xenacoelomorph genomes project (5 xenacoelomorph species; Sakagami et al. 2026) | Link
Haplodiscus bocki (acoel worm; Xenacoelomorpha), Hofstenia miamia (acoel worm; Xenacoelomorpha), Nemertoderma westbladi (nemertodermatid worm; Xenacoelomorpha), Symsagittifera roscoffensis (acoel worm; Xenacoelomorpha), Xenoturbella bocki (xenoturbellid worm; Xenacoelomorpha)
Corallimorpharian genome project (13 cnidarian species; Lewin, Sakagami, Piñon-Gonzalez et al. 2026) | Link
Acropora millepora (complex coral; Scleractinia), Dendrogyra cylindrus (robust coral; Scleractinia), Diadumene lineata (sea anemone; Actiniaria), Meandrina meandrites (robust coral; Scleractinia), Nematostella vectensis (sea anemone; Actiniaria), Porites cylindrica (complex coral; Scleractinia), Plumapathes pennacea (black coral; Antipatharia), Pocillopora verrucosa (robust coral; Scleractinia), Ricordea florida (coral-like anemone; Corallimorpharia), Ricordea yuma (coral-like anemone; Corallimorpharia), Rhodactis osculifera (coral-like anemone; Corallimorpharia), Scolanthus callimorphus (sea anemone; Actiniaria), Siderastrea siderea (complex coral; Scleractinia)
Brachiopod genome project (1 brachiopod species; Lewin et al. 2026) | Link
Lingula anatina
Phoronid genome project (1 phoronid species; Lewin et al. 2025a) | Link
Phoronis australis
Bilaterian genomes project (14 bilaterian species; Lewin et al. 2025b) | Link
Amphiscolops sp. MND2022 (acoel worm; Xenacoelomorpha), Antedon bifida (crinoid; Echinodermata), Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (horseshoe crab; Arthropoda), Convolutriloba macropyga (acoel worm; Xenacoelomorpha), Emplectonema gracile (ribbon worm; Nemertea), Gordius sp. MW1 (horsehair worm; Nematomorpha), Hypsibius dujardini (water bear; Tardigrada), Ophiura sarsii (brittle star; Echinodermata), Schizocardium californicum (acorn worm, Hemichordata), Schmidtea mediterranea (planarian; Platyhelminthes), Strigamia acuminata (centipede; Arthropoda), Styela plicata (tunicate; Chordata), Trichinella spiralis (nematode; Nematoda), Trididemnum miniatum (tunicate; Chordata)
Bryozoan genomes project (5 bryozoan species; Lewin et al. 2025c) | Link
Bugulina stolonifera, Cristatella mucedo, Cryptosula pallasiana, Membranipora membranacea, Watersipora subatra
Annelid genomes project (23 annelid species; Lewin et al. 2024) | Link
Acholoe squamosa, Alentia gelatinosa, Alitta virens, Amphiduros pacificus, Aporrectodea icterica, Bimastos eiseni, Brachipolynoe longqiensis, Branchellion lobata, Harmothoe impar, Hirudinaria manillensis, Lamellibrachia columna, Lepidonotus clava, Lumbricus rubellus, Lumbricus terrestris, Metaphire vulgaris, Paraescarpia echinospica, Piscicola geometra, Protula sp. h YS2021, Sipunculus nudus, Sthenelais limicola, Streblospio benedicti, Terebella lapidaria, Urechis unicinctus
Genome assembly resources
The corallimorpharian Ricordea yuma (chromosome-level) (Lewin, Sakagami, Piñon-Gonzalez et al. 2026)
NCBI Genome | Link
The brachiopod Lingula anatina (chromosome-level) (Lewin et al. 2026)
The nemertean Notospermus geniculatus (draft) (Luo et al. 2018)
The phoronid Phoronis australis (draft) (Luo et al. 2018)
The brachiopod Lingula anatina (draft) (Luo et al. 2015)
Single-cell resources
The symbiotic acoel Praesagittifera naikaiensis (adult worm; Sakagami et al. 2026) | Link
The corallimorpharian Ricordea yuma (adult whole polyp; Lewin, Sakagami, Piñon-Gonzalez et al. 2026) | Link
The complex coral Galaxea fascicularis (adult whole polyp; Lewin, Sakagami, Piñon-Gonzalez et al. 2026) | Link
References
Sakagami T, Kao LJ, Lewin TD, Chiu YL, Lin CT, Su JY, Wen SH, Wu MY, Arimoto A, Tagawa K, Bailly X, Lu TM, Luo YJ (2026) Convergent evolution of animal photosymbiosis through co-option of ancestral endodermal programs. bioRxiv 2026.10.22.760897. | Link
Lewin TD, Sakagami T, Piñon-Gonzalez VM, Yoshioka Y, Kao LJ, Chiu YL, Sasaki K, Chen YH, Li JY, Tin KX, Lu MYJ, Miller DJ, Shikina S, Lin MF, Luo YJ (2026) Corallimorpharian genome supports the monophyly of Scleractinia and illuminates the cellular evolution of coral calcification. bioRxiv 2026.09.25.754439. | Link
Lewin TD, Sakagami T, Shimizu K, Kao LJ, Chiu YL, Liao IJY, Chen ME, Hisata K, Endo K, Satoh N, Holland PWH, Wong YH, Luo YJ (2026) Brachiopod genome unveils the evolution of BMP signalling in bilaterian body patterning. Nature Communications 17, 3856. | Link
Lewin TD, Sakagami T, Kao LJ, Liao IJY, Chiu YL, Piñon-Gonzalez VM, Li JY, Tin KX, Lu MYJ, Endo K, Bishop JDD, Hamada M, Luo YJ (2025a) Phoronid genome supports a monophyletic Lophophorata. Current Biology 35, 5633–5645. | Link
Lewin TD, Liao IJY, Luo YJ (2025b) Conservation of bilaterian genome structure is the exception, not the rule. Genome Biology 26, 247. | Link
Lewin TD, Liao IJY, Chen ME, Bishop JDD, Holland PWH, Luo YJ (2025c) Fusion, fission, and scrambling of the bilaterian genome in Bryozoa. Genome Research 35, 78–92. | Link
Lewin TD, Liao IJY, Luo YJ (2024) Annelid comparative genomics and the evolution of massive lineage-specific genome rearrangement in bilaterians. Molecular Biology and Evolution 41, msae172. | Link
Luo YJ, Kanda M, Koyanagi R, Hisata K, Akiyama T, Sakamoto H, Sakamoto T, Satoh N (2018) Nemertean and phoronid genomes reveal lophotrochozoan evolution and the origin of bilaterian heads. Nature Ecology & Evolution 2, 141–151. | Link
Luo YJ, Takeuchi T, Koyanagi R, Yamada L, Kanda M, Khalturina M, Fujie M, Yamasaki S, Endo K, Satoh N (2015) The Lingula genome provides insights into brachiopod evolution and the origin of phosphate biomineralization. Nature Communications 6, 8301. | Link
Citation
If you use the resources provided on this page, please cite the corresponding publication.
Banner image: Lingula embryos by Yi-Jyun Luo